DIHYPH Exception Dictionary

Exception writing

An exception may have a minimum length of 3 and a maximum length of 49 characters.

Only letters (no special characters !) are permissible in the first two positions
of an exception, except - and ' which are accepted in 2.-position
(e.g., A-bend or c'est ).

The abbreviation asterix * may only be placed at the end of a word.
Exceptions ending on an asterix * mean that up to the * every hyphenation is
provided as specified. All the succeeding characters of the word are processed by
hyphenation logic starting at the last hyphen found in the exception.

Example: lau-f* ==> lauf  lau-fe  lau-fen  lau-fend  lau-fen-den

but:            ==> lau-fsper-re (and other errors !!)

To avoid errors like those created by exception writing, in exceptions with less
than two letters between the last hyphen and the concluding *, the program logic
of some languages will check whether these syllable-start-letters are allowed.
If not, the last hyphen is corrected automatically:

          lau-fsperre ==> lauf-sperre   (has been corrected)

Example:  Kam-bo-d*   ==> Kam-bod-scha  (has been corrected)

    but:  Kam-bo-ds*  ==> Kam-bo-dscha  (has been accepted )

An exception not ending with an * will be found if it is equal, or up to three
characters shorter than the word to be hyphenated.

Example:  lau-f        ==>  lauf  lau-fe  lau-fen  lau-fend.

but not:                    laufende      (4 characters longer !).

The length of an exception ending with ) must be equal to word length.

Example:  pre-cede)    ==>  pre-cede

but not:                    prec-e-dence,  pre-ced-ent

Following characters are permitted in exceptions

Letters:

xXyY      All characters are allowed in both upper and lower case.

Special characters:

*     exception abbreviation :  lau-f*       ==>  lau-fen-den
)     exception length fixed :  lauf)        ==>  lauf   but: lau-fe
-     hyphen                 :  Tren-nun-gen ==>  Tren-nun-gen
+     hyphen with addition   :  Voll+a*      ==>  Voll-la-den...
#     hyphen with elimination:  Taxie#tje    ==>  Taxi-tje
.     any vowel              :  Zei-t.n      ==>  Zei-ten  Zei-tung
,     any consonant          :  lo-,en       ==>  lo-ben   lo-ten
'     apostrophe             :  c'est

Numbers 1 to 5 may be inserted instead of, or following the hyphen
in order to define the hyphenation and its quality ranking.

Example:                  auto1mo5bile

     or:                  auto-1mo-5bile

Hyphen characters + and # may not be replaced by quality ranking numbers.
Definition of their quality ranking is done by logic automatically !

Example
exception     produces  following word splitting
------------------------------------------------

vill+ad       vill-laden   vill-ladung     ( 3rd  L  is added)
              but:         vil-la-den-de   ( > 3 characters follow !)
                           vel-la-den      ( other spelling !)

vall+ad*      vall-la-den-der              ( 3rd  L  is added,
                                            remainder hyph. by logic)

taxie#tje     taxi-tje                     ( elimination  of e )
              but:         te-xiet-je      ( other spelling !)

st.,,-        stopp-end    Stach-eln
              but:         spuc-ken        ( other spelling !)
                                           ( German c-k is changed
                                             to k-k by textsystem !)

The special hyphen signs + and # are language-dependent !

Letter addition + only operates for languages with corresponding grammatical
rules e.g. in German.

Exception files

During word processing several exception files may be used simultaneously:

Standard file is always searched first (if not switched off).

DIHYPH file names must always start with letters dh e.g. "dhspec
DIHYPH standard exception file automatically used is dhex??.txt
(?? =language-no,).

Special exception file is searched after a word could not be found in standard
exception file.
Special exception file name is defined by user in file DHDFLT.CFG
or is stored into array "exfile[ ]" by textsystem (see: DHDEF.C or DHEXT.H)
without extension !
The first special exception file name defined is preceded by key character + or =

"+filename"     Standard file plus this file are used.

"+"             Standard file only is used.

"=filename"     Only this file is used without standard file.

"="             No exception file is used. 

Several special exception files are seperated by 'space'-character:

"+file1 file2" Standard file + file1 + file2 are used in this sequence.

"=file1 file2" Only file1 and file2 are used.

Switching on/off exception files during runtime is only possible if the special
exception file(s) are defined before first calling the exception program as follows:
"+file1 file2"

To change access to standard- or special-exception files, the following values
may be set into array "exfile[ ]" during runtime after the first call:

"++"   Standard- plus special-exception file(s) are used.

"=+"   Only  special-exception file(s) is/are used.

"+"    Only standard-exception file is used.

"="    No            exception file is used.

Every change of program (DIHYPH, DITECT or language) is treated as first call!

DMEXCAT.EXE      exception program

Before DIHYPH or DITECT may use an exception file an access catalog "exfile.CAT"
for exception file "exfile.TXT" must be created by program DMEXCAT.EXE .

For Unicode following program modules are needed:
DMRDWTUC.C
DMCREPUC.C     together with file
DMCREPUC

If only 1-byte-code is used these three DM????UC files may be replaced by
dummy file DMCREPUD.C

DMEXCAT.EXE is started with following parameters:

Program call              Meaning
----------------------    ---------------------------------------------
DMEXCAT nn h              for DIHYPH ( b DHEXnn.TXT  =Default )
DMEXCAT nn t              for DITECT ( b DTEXnn.TXT  =Default )
DMEXCAT nn h b 1B-File    for DIHYPH with 1-Byte-Code special file
DMEXCAT nn t u UC-File    for DITECT with Unicode special file
DMEXCAT nn t 8 U8-File    for DITECT with Utf-8-code special file

         | | |   |_____   Name of special exception file (without .txt)
         | | |
         | | |_________   b = 1-Byte-Code exception file (default)
         | |              u = Unicode     exception file
         | |              8 = Utf-8 code  exception file
         | |
         | |___________   h = DIHYPH exception file
         |                t = DITECT exception file
         |
         |_____________   nn= language-no. 1-99

Before the catalog is created DMEXCAT.EXE does following operations:
Exceptions are automatically checked and wrong words are marked with an error
message enclosed in ' ... '.
Finally an appropriate message is displayed.
Using text editor's "search-function", errors enclosed in ' may now be jumped at
directly to correct the errors (the ' error message ' adapted to the erroneous
word is later eliminated by the program automatically).

Double storing of exceptions is automatically suppressed by the program.

When no errors are found, exceptions are stored ready-sorted and the direct-
access catalog is created to be used by DIHYPH or DITECT.


DMEXINCT.C may be used by the publishing system to immediately insert a
new exception word in exception file and to automatically create the catalog.
This tool must not be used by clients when exception file is on the server !

Header lines of DMEXINCT.c file show how to use the program.